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by Zeljko Heimer,
8 November 2002See also:
SECTION 1. Short title. - This Act shall be known as the "Flag and Heraldic Code
of the Philippines."
SECTION 2. Declaration of policy. - Reverence and respect shall at all times be
accorded the flag, the anthem, and other national symbols which embody the
national ideals and traditions and which express the principles of sovereignty
and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest
the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a
just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the national
flag and anthem, and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and
other heraldic items and devices.
SECTION 3. Definition of terms. - Whenever used in this Act, the term:
a) "Military" shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
including the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;
b) "Festoon" shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a
decoration;
c) "Flag" shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
d) "Fly" shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
e) "Symbol" shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man's achievement and
heroism (for orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of
dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);
f) "Half-Mast" shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the
top and bottom of the staff;
g) "Hoist" shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to
which the halyard is attached;
h) "Inclement Weather" shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the
locality;
i) "National Anthem" shall mean the Philippine National Anthem;
j) "Official Residences" shall mean Malacaņang, and other government-owned
structures where the President resides, and other structures occupied by the
Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;
k) "Places of Frivolity" shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing
boisterous merriment or recreation; and
l) "Institute" shall mean the National Historical Institute.
A. Design of the National Flag
SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an
eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and
honored by the people.
B. Hoisting and Display of the National Flag
SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official
residences, public plazas, and institutions of learning every day throughout the
year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the
year, in front of the following: at Malacaņang Palace; the Congress of the
Philippines building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta,
Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan;
the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani; Musoleo de los
Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other places
as may be designated by the Institute.
The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.
SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences
or raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw
ng Kagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12
(Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); November 30 (Bonifacio
Day); and December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be declared by
the President and/or local chief executives.
The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings or
offices or raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of private buildings:
Provided, That they observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance with the rules
and regulations to be issued by the Office of the President.
SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and local government
offices, government-owned corporations and local government units are enjoined
to observe flag day with appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups,
non-government organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in
making the celebrations a success.
SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of Philippine registry of
more than one thousand (1000) gross tons and on all naval vessels.
On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flag-staff at the
stern when the ship is at anchor. The flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the
aftermast when the ship is at sea.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on top
in time of peace and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging
position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time of
peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
The flagpole staff must be straight and slightly tapering at the top.
SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place
and shall be of such height as would give the flag commanding position in
relation to the buildings in the vicinity.
If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or anchored
on a sill projecting at an angle upward.
If on a stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left
(facing the stage) or the left of the office upon entering.
SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with another flag, the flags, if
both are national flags, must be flown on separate staffs of the same height and
shall be of equal size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and lowered
last.
If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the same lineyard
as the Philippine flag but below the latter and it cannot be of greater size
than the Philippine flag.
SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag, the Philippine flag shall be on
the right of the other flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine
flag shall be in the middle of the line.
When carried in a parade with flags which are not national flags, the Philippine
flag shall be in front of the center of the line.
SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear, shall not be thrown away. It
shall be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be
replaced immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. It shall
be on the mast at the start of official office hours, shall remain flying
throughout the day.
SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:
a) Inside or outside a building or on stationary flagpoles. If the flag is
displayed indoors on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the observer
as one enters the room;
b) From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a
commanding position in relation to the surrounding buildings;
c) From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or
facade of a building;
d) In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole erected
away from the building;
e) Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and
f) Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field pointing
east, if the road is heading south or north, or pointing north if the road is
heading east or west.
The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already raised,
the flag shall not be lowered.
SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered
ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood, water
or other objects.
After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded solemnly as part of
the ceremony.
C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony
SECTION 18. All government offices and educational institutions shall henceforth
observe the flag-raising ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering
ceremony every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall be simple and dignified and
shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.
SECTION 19. The Office of the President upon the recommendation of the Institute
shall issue rules and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag ceremony.
SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or civic gatherings
shall be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the
anthem in its original Filipino lyrics and march tempo.
SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in
formation facing the flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard,
everyone in the premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop.
All persons present shall place their right palms over their chests, those with
hats shall uncover; while those in military, scouting, security guard, and
citizens military training uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their
regulations, which salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem.
The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a band,
if available, and at the first note, the flag shall be raised briskly.
The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in
parade.
SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and
slowly so that the flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of
the anthem. Those in the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall
observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.
D. Half-Mast
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all
the buildings and places where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on
the day of official announcement of the death of any of the following officials:
a) The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b) The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and
c) Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than
seven (7) days.
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of
an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House
of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the
Institute.
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment
then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised to the
peak before it is lowered for the day.
E. Casket
SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the
military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have
rendered distinguished service to the nation, as may be determined by the local
government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the
white triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right
side of the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to
touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of
the deceased.
F. Pledge to the Flag
SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine
flag:
Ako ay Pilipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa.
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand with palm open
raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them
from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge is
being rendered by standing at attention.
G. Flag Days
SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag
Days, during which period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of
government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes
are enjoined to display the flag.
H. Specifications of the National Flag
SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions. The width of the
flag, 1; the length of the flag, 2; and the sides of the white triangle, 1.
SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:
The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable No. 80001; the
red color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.
SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of our national
flag and to guarantee its durability by the use of quality materials, the
following standards and procedures shall be observed:
a) All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag must be
based on strict compliance with the design, color, craftsmanship and material
requirements of the Government;
b) All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for purchase
for government use shall be evaluated as to design, color and craftsmanship
specifications by the Institute, through its Heraldry and Display Section, which
shall stamp its approval or disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the flag
sample submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the
requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and
c) The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) or the Philippine
Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) shall evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and certify
whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden yellow colors, including
the canvas submitted, conforms to government requirement as to quality of the
material. The samples shall be sent annually to the ITDI/PTRI by the
manufacturer. The laboratory test results shall be submitted by the said office
to the Institute.
SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government shall be
inspected by the requisitioning agency's internal inspector and by the
Commission on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped approved by the Institute as
reference.
SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof, the
Institute, COA, the ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be approved by the
Office of the President.
SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall ensure that the
requirements under this Act with respect to the standards, requisitions and
delivery of the national flag are strictly complied with.
SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of the
government, government-owned or controlled corporations, local government units,
including barangays, shall include in their annual budgets the necessary outlay
for the purchase of the national flag.
I. Prohibited Acts
SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited:
a) To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt or commit any act or
omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon the flag or over its surface;
b) To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c) To use the flag:
1) As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2) As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3) As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4) As a staff or whip;
5) For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6) As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or
designs.
d) To display the flag:
1) Under any painting or picture;
2) Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall
freely;
3) Below any platform; or
4) In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and
places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
e) To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f) To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or
imprint of any nature on the flag;
g) To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs,
napkins, cushions, and other articles of merchandise;
h) To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other
diplomatic establishments, and in offices of international organizations;
i) To use, display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and
j) To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.
SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.
SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language
within or without the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National
Anthem:
Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng Silanganan
Alab ng puso,
Sa Dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang Hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula,
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim,
Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati't pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo,
Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo.
SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall
be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.
SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by
a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public
shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the
Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall
face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a
salute by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in military,
scouting, citizens military training and security guard uniforms shall give the
salute prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the
last note of the anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes except on the following occasions:
a) International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a
representative;
b) Local competitions;
c) During the "signing off" and "signing on" of radio broadcasting and
television stations;
d) Before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of
theater performances; and
e) Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.
SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local government,
and any agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or
controlled corporations, privately-owned entities or offices displaying the
national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby directed to
comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem.
Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for administrative discipline.
SECTION 40. The National Motto shall be "MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA."
SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-Arms shall have:
Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three
(3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent
over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be
the scroll with the words "REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS," inscribed thereon.
[See note below about supporters.]
SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as described
in the preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon.
Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall
appear the words "Republika ng Pilipinas." For the purpose of placing The Great
Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed essential but tincture
representation must be used.
The Great Seal shall also bear the National Motto.
SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions
signed by the President and upon such other official documents and papers of the
Republic of the Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required by
custom and usage. The President shall have custody of the Great Seal.
SECTION 44. Any government entity, including the military, may adopt appropriate
coat-of-arms, administrative seals, logo, insignia, badges, patches, and
banners; and initiate awards, citations, orders or decorations; as may be
authorized by Congress or the Office of the President.
SECTION 45. Such heraldic devices and items shall be filed with the Institute
for recording and evaluation as to precedence, design, customs and traditions.
The Institute shall promulgate the corresponding rules and regulations which
shall be submitted for approval to the Office of the President or to Congress.
SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are hereby ordered to
purchase all heraldic items and devices from manufacturers accredited and
authorized by the Institute. Such items and devices shall be subject to
inspection by the purchasing agency's internal inspector and the COA
representative using the design and specifications approved by the Office of the
President or by the Congress, through the Institute.
SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept any order or
decoration from any foreign government without the consent of Congress, and
without the prior evaluation and documentation of such order or decoration by
the Institute.
SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this Act; and any
violation of the corresponding rules and regulations issued by the Office of the
President, shall after proper notice and hearing, shall be penalized by public
censure which shall be published at least once in a newspaper of general
circulation.
The Department of Education, Culture and Sports and the Commission on Higher
Education, upon the recommendation of the Institute and after proper notice and
hearing, shall cause the cancellation of the recognition or permit of any
private educational institution which fails or refuses to observe the provisions
of this Act for the second time.
SECTION 49. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) and the
Commission on Higher Education shall ensure that the National Anthem, as adopted
by law, shall be committed to memory by all students of both public and private
educational institutions, and performed during the flag ceremony conducted in
accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the Office of the President.
In addition, they shall make available the vocal, piano or band scores of the
National Anthem, as adopted by law, to all private and public schools, as well
as the general public.
SECTION 50. Any person or juridical entity which violates any of the provisions
of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five
thousand pesos (P5,000) nor more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000), or by
imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment,
at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional
offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, further,
That in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its President or
Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
SECTION 51. The Institute shall issue the necessary rules and regulations to
implement the provisions of this Act within ninety (90) days after effectivity.
The Institute shall submit its rules and regulations to the Office of the
President and the Congress of the Philippines.
SECTION 52. The Institute shall also be responsible for the strict enforcement
of the provisions of this Act. It may call upon any government department,
agency, office, or government instrumentality, including government
corporations, and local government units, for such assistance as it may deem
necessary for the effective discharge of its functions under this Act.
SECTION 53. Separability clause. - If any provision, or part hereof, is held
invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act not otherwise affected
shall be valid and subsisting.
SECTION 54. Repealing clause. - Any law, presidential decree or issuance,
executive order, letter of instruction, administrative order, rule or regulation
contrary to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this Act is hereby
repealed, modified, or amended accordingly.
SECTION 55. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days from the
date of its publication in the Official Gazette or in at least two (2)
newspapers of general circulation.
Approved: February 12, 1998
I read the Law and was surprised.. According to the law the coat of
Philippines are without eagle and lion now! Is this correct?
Victor Lomantsov, 2 January 2002
I was at the Philippine Senate today and brought your up your observation
with the Senate President. You are indeed correct, and that was precisely the
intention of the law. Officially, then, the state arms have been deprived of
their eagle and the lion. The problem is, according to the Senate President is
that everyone is refusing to use the revised arms.
Manuel L. Quezon III, 25 January 2002
This information on the National Flag of the Philippines is taken from PNS
234:1989 'PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD - Specification for the National Flag of
the Philippines', Bureau of Standards (Department of Trade and Industry):
4...TYPES
The flag shall be of three type plans:
Type I. National (civil, state or war flag)
Type II. Ensign (Navy)
Type III. Merchant Marine
5. SIZE AND DESIGN
5.1 The National Flag of the Philippines shall conform to the requirements
prescribed in Executive Order No23 dated 25 March 1936 as follows:
5.1.1 The flag shall be rectangular with its maximum length twice its width or
its minimum length twice the altitude of the equilateral triangle.
5.1.2 The white field of the flag shall be an equilateral triangle, each side of
which is equal to the width of the flag.
5.1.3 The width of the red and blue stripes shall each be one-half the width of
the flag.
5.1.4 The solid golden sunburst in the middle of the white field (see figure 1)
shall be without any marking and shall have eight rays, equally spaced , the arc
with the sun ray X, shall equal the arc between rays Y. Two opposite rays shall
be in the horizontal axis and two in the vertical axis. The other two pairs of
two opposite rays shall be at a 45 degree angle with the vertical and horizontal
axis. The diameter of the sun shall be one-fifth the width of the flag. Each ray
shall have three beams, the middle or major beam twice as wide as the other two
minor beams found in either side of the major beam. The length of each major
beam shall be five-ninths of the diameter of the sun and length of each of the
minor beams shall be four-fifths of the major beam.
5.1.5 Each of the three golden stars in the corners of the triangular field
shall be five-pointed with one point directed towards the vertex of the angle
enclosing it. The diameter of the circle circumscribing the each star shall be
five-ninths of the diameter of the sun and the diameter of circle inscribed in
each star shall be two-ninths of the diameter of the sun. The distance of the
centre of each star from each corner of the triangular field shall be one-half
of the diameter of the sun.
5.1.6 The hoist side of the triangular field of the flag shall be trimmed with
canvas approximately one-fifth of the diameter of the sum in width. The width of
the trimmed edge shall not be counted when determining the length of( the flag.
NOTE - The dimensions for types I, II and III are the same.
Figure One conforms with the above in EVERY WAY BUT ONE, and that concerns THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE STARS AND THE CORNERS OF THE TRIANGLE. In Figure One the
distance is shown visually and given in figures as being one-half the diameter
of the sun FROM THE CORNER OF THE TRIANGLE TO THE OUTER EDGE OF THE CIRCLE
CIRCUMSCRIBING THE STARS. This would present a problem except for two other
sources, one of which also places the sun and gives colours:
The National Historical Institute (NHI) 'which regulates the design, colours,
materials and craftsmanship and other matters pertaining to the National Flag'
(writing for the Bureau of Standards of the Department of Trade and Industry)
put out a coloured diagram headed 'Technical Specifications of the Philippine
Flag' which is undated but refers to 1981. This too conforms to the provisions
given above except that IT ALSO PLACES THE STARS AT ONE-HALF THE WIDTH OF THE
SUN FROM THE CORNERS TO THE OUTER ARC OF THE CIRCLE CONTAINING THE STARS. In
addition it also places the sun as being one-half the diameter of the sun from
the hoist edge (or the same as the star from the apex of the triangle), and
gives the colours referring to the standard colours reference of America, 10th
Edition, 1981 as blue, Cable No. 80173, white, Cable No. 80001, red, Cable No.
80108 and golden yellow, Cable No. 80068.
Finally and to confirm that the provisions for placing the stars given in 5.1.5
are, in fact, a mistake, I would refer the excellent specification on P141 of
the 1939 Edition of the Flaggenbuch which (obviously based on the 1936 Executive
Order supposedly confirmed in 1989) also places the stars from the outer circle.
Christopher Southworth, 31 January 2003