![[Flag of Philippines]](../images/p/ph.gif)
image by Željko Heimer,
8 November 2002
Last modified: 2005-09-24 by rob raeside
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image by Željko Heimer,
8 November 2002
The symbols on the white triangle of the Philippine flag are an eight
rayed sun and three stars in gold. The sun represents the dawning of a
new era of self determination that was desired in 1897 (when the flag
was first designed) after the Spanish-American war and the US promise of
independence, which was granted in 1946. The 8 rays on the sun
stand for the 8 provinces that rose in revolt against Spanish rule in
the late 19th century. The 3 stars stand for the 3 principal geographic
areas of the country, Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.
To complete the symbolism of the flag, the red stripe represents courage
and bravery and the blue stripe is for noble ideals. The white triangle
stands for the Katipunan, a revolutionary organization that led the
revolt against Spain and the color white represents peace and purity.
This flag is unique in that in peacetime, the blue stripe is uppermost
but during wartime, the red stripe is on top.
Ref: Smith 1976
Dave Martucci, 7 January 1998
The flag was first designed by General Aguinaldo in 1897 during his exile in Hong Kong. It was adopted on 19 May 1898 (Kindersley, 1997). Aguinaldo's army defeated the Spaniards at the Battle of Alapan on 28 May 1898. The flag saw it's first action that day. 28 May is recognized as Flag Day in the Philippines. On 12 June 1898 the Philippines declared independence from Spain and so began the First Philippine Republic. Based on Melchor (1998) and Kindersley (1997). On 14 Oct 1943 the flag was re-established Smith (1975). This was the date the Second Philippine Republic began (a puppet government under the Japanese). Just like the U.S., the Japanese had outlawed the flag during the earlier period of their occupation.
Gene 'Duke' Duque, 25 September 1999
General Provisions, Section I, Article XVI:
The flag of the Philippines shall be red, white and blue, with a sun and three stars as consecrated and honored by the people and recognized by law.
The idea of coming up with a new flag was reached during the preparation of the second phase of the Philippine Revolution. It was personally conceived by General Emilio Aguinaldo, then President of the Revolutionary Government and sewn at 535 Morrison Hill, Hong Kong by Mrs. Marcela Marino Agoncillo - wife of the first Filipino Diplomat, Felipe Agoncillo, with the help of her daughter Lorenza and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa Natividad, niece of Dr. Jose P. Rizal and wife of Gen. Salvador Natividad.
The flag was made within five days and handed over by Mrs. Agoncillo to Gen. Aguinaldo before the latter boarded the American dispatch boat, McCulloch on May 17, 1898 on his way to the Philippines.
The revolutionists originally planned the hostility against the Spanish forces on May 30, 1898 but a bloody encounter ensued between the Filipino Forces and Spanish marines on May 28 at Bo. Alapan, Imus, Cavite where the Philippine flag received its baptism of fire and blood. Gen. Aguinaldo hoisted the flag as a sign of victory against Spain.
On June 12, 1898, the Philippine Flag brought from Hong Kong was unfurled for the first time at the historic window of the Aguinaldo Mansion in Kawit, Cavite as the country's Independence was being proclaimed before the Filipino people.
During the American regime, the display of the Philippine Flag in any place was prohibited and it provided severe punishment for violators. The prohibition was lifted eleven years later and reverence to the Philippine flag was allowed by virtue of an Executive Order which declared October 30, 1919 as "Philippine Flag Day." Though authorized and venerated during this historic occasion, the flag, however, had minor discrepancies.
On March 25, 1936, then President Manuel L. Quezon issued E.O. No. 23 prescribing the technical description and specification of the Filipino Flag. It was followed by other directives assigning the National Historical Institute as the authority in Philippine Vexillaries and Heraldry.
The Philippine flag has remained basically unchanged since it was designed shortly after the Spanish-American War of 1898
(but see our page on the history of the flag). I just checked Smith (1975) and the date of 12 June 1898 is given as the date it was first hoisted. It may have been used prior to the war by Philippine insurgents, but I don't have any data on that.
Nick Artimovich, 16 April 1997
According to "The Republic of the Philippines," The Flag Bulletin, Number 132 (1989), the Philippine flag was proclaimed as that of the Republic in 1898 and was flown even after US annexation. The US outlawed the flag in 1907 but were forced to recognize it in 1920. It was flown alongside the US Flag until the Japanese occupation in 1941. The Japanese were forced to revive the flag in 1943. It became the Philippine National Flag in 1946.
[More details can be found on our page on the history of
the flag.]
Jan Oskar Engene, 9 March 1998
From the document, "Comparative Appearance, Measurements and Color of the Flag
of the Philippines" (obtained by Juan Manuel Villascán in the Philippines
embassy in Mexico City); Pantone and CMYK values from Album des Pavillons (2000);
RGB values from Daniel Broh-Kahn:
| Color | Blue | White | Red | Golden Yellow |
| Cable No. | 80173 | 80001 | 80108 | 80068 |
| Pantone equivalent | 286c | n.a. | 193c | 122c |
| CMYK values | C100-M60-Y0-K5 | n.a. | C0-M90-Y65-K10 | C0-M18-Y85-K0 |
| RGB values | 4-28-67 | 255-255-255 | 222-22-43 | 255-48-40 |
The cable number corresponds to the definitive color defined in America, 10th
edition, Color Association of the US. These are the current, 1998 specifications
mandated by law.
Manuel L. Quezon III, 20 April 2002
![[War Flag of Philippines]](../images/p/ph^.gif)
image by Željko Heimer,
8 November 2002
The flag has the unique ability to display a state of war of the country. It does
this according to the orientation of the blue and red panels: if the blue panel is above the red, the Philippines is at peace, in the red above blue indicates a state of war. In the vertical position, blue on the right means peace and opposite means otherwise.
Marco Pineda, 26 July 1995
Smith75 says (pg.273) "Whenever the Philippines is at war the red stripe is flown at the top of the flag, the reverse of its normal position." As a reference, the following is cited "The Philippine National Flag" by Pedro A. Gagelonia (Manila, Dept. of Education, 1963)
The Flag Bulletin, Number 132 (1989) had an article entitled "Republic of the Philippines" in a section entitled "Recent Flags." Footnote 5 states "The Philippines is unique in having its national flag officially flown upside down when the country is at war. Executive Order No. 321 of 12 June 1950, section 1, paragraph 4, states that 'the Flag, if flown from a flagpole, should have its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field on top at time of war ....' The tradition, however, is much older: the first Philippine presdient, Emilio Aguinaldo, claimed that in the 1898-1899 War of Independence 'our National Flag had been hoisted with a red stripe up' (quoted on p. 52 of 'Our Country's Flag and Anthem' by Emanuel A. Baja [Manila:1930])."
In the same article it is stated "In late August 1987 disaffected military men attempted a coup against the Aquino government under the leadership of Colonel Gregorio 'Gringo' Honasan. At the bases which they briefly controlled the national flag was flown upside down, in its wartime position.* Likewise, the Philippine national flag as worn on the front of their shirts by many soldiers was displayed with the red stripe on the top. The coup was suppressed.
"* 'Rebel Troops Attempt to Topple Aquino,' 'The Natal Mercury,' 28
August 1987."
Dave Martucci, 18 April 1997
The flag with the red stripe above is more properly the war flag and ensign;
that is, upon a state of war or declaration of war, the national flag is flown
upside down. This was so from 1899-1901 (Philippine-American War) and 1941-45
(World War II); to make things more complicated, while the Philippine
Commonwealth flew the flag upside down from Dec. 8, 1941 until the surrender of
Japan, the Philippine Republic (est. Oct. 1943 under Japanese sponsorship) only
did so from 1944 when it proclaimed a state of war with the USA and Britain. The
flag has also been flown upside down during coup attempts by military rebels in
1987 and 1989.
Manuel L. Quezon III, 10 November 2002
The unique nature of the Philippine flag presents a problem in the use of terms
in the FIS usage symbols, particularly those which are
for use by the military (represented by the third column of usage symbols).
Strictly speaking, it would be inappropriate to call the flag used by the
Philippine military during peacetime a 'war flag' and a 'war ensign.' The
'wartime' Philippine flag (the one with the red stripe on top) should also be
denoted as
.
This is because when war is declared by the president, civilians, the state and
the military all use the wartime flag. It is the only official flag to be used
in land and at sea when the country is officially declared in a state of war.
Jay Allen Villapando, 1 July 2005
![[Historical Flag of Philippines]](../images/p/ph_photo.jpg)
image from Rudy Asercion
[Click here for a larger image: 370 kB]
Assistance is requested regarding a very old hand made Philippine flag that was
shown to me privately several weeks ago. I probably would not have paid much
attention to this old flag except my curiosity was aroused when I saw a sword
owned by a Captain Rheinhold Richter of the 1st California Volunteer Infantry in
the same collection. US Military records reveal that the sword was presented to
a Lieutenant Rheinhold Richter by Battery C Artillery Regiment on 12/4/1893.
Captain Rheinhold Richter was the first American Officer killed in the
Philippines on August 4, 1898
According to Mr. Peter Fries who was employed in 1980 as the secretary of the
trustees of the Veterans War Memorial Building, the flag I saw was given to Ted
Roosevelt by Commodore Dewey and it became a part of a presidential collection
that was first exhibited at the Worlds Fair and at the Panama Exposition in San
Francisco.
The flag is made of silk or satin with a white triangle containing a sunburst of
golden rays at the center, there is a star at each angle of the triangle, an
upper stripe of dark blue, and a lower stripe of red. The face of the cloth is
glossy but dull on the other side. This flag must be of extreme historical
importance or it wouldn't be
included in this collection of US Military trophies.
I am aware of the controversy regarding the original Philippine flag and my
concern is to preserve this aging flag should it prove to be authentic. I will
appreciate feed backs from credible research organizations or individuals.
I am the person to contact regarding this inquiry, at rudyasercion [at]
yahoo.com.
Rudy Asercion, 16 August 2004
![[Coat of arms of Philippines]](../images/p/ph).png)
image
by Manuel L. Quezon III
