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Kurdistan Regional Government (Iraq)

by Ivan Sache

Status of the Flag
Official Description of the Flag

Construction Sheet

Origin of the Regional Government
Variant of the Flag

See also:

Status of the flag

Erbil, 10 June 1999
In its ordinary session today, the Council of Ministers of the Kurdistan Regional Government - KRG discussed a law proposal concerning raising Kurdistan flag over government buildings in the Kurdish region along side the Iraqi flag. The Kurdistan flag comprises of three horizontally arranged colours red, white and green with a yellow sun in the centre. The proposed law will be presented soon to the Kurdistan Regional Parliament for approval. Also at the meeting, the Council of Ministers put forward a proposal to create four more governorates in the Iraqi Kurdistan. The proposed governorates are Halabja, Soran, Rania and Akra.
Rezhan, 17 June 1999

Official Description of the Flag

Editor's note:: Most of the following information is reproduced from the former website of the Center for Kurdish Political Studies [no longer on-line] with kind permission of its director, Bijan Eliasi.

Introduction

The aim of this document is to introduce in brief the history of the current National Flag of Kurdistan and to help those who use the Kurdish national flag to reproduce it correctly. The document contains the basic rules for the construction of the flag as well as the standard colors to be used.

Historical background

The National Flag was first introduced by the leaders of the Khoyboun, ("independence") movement to represent the Kurds in their struggle for independence from the moribund Ottoman Empire. It was subsequently presented to the members of the international delegation at the Paris Peace Conference that devised a plan for Kurdish independence as a part of the Treaty of Sèvres with Ottoman Turkey in 1920. Under the same flag the Khoyboun announced the formation of the first "Kurdish Government in Exile" in 1927 and fought a drawn-out war until 1932, in order to revive the Kurdish national independence, lost since 1848.

In 1946 and the creation of the Republic of Kurdistan at Mahabad, the old "sunny flag" was adopted by its parliament as the official Flag of the Republic. Following these historic background, the National Flag is widely adopted in Kurdistan and has been set aloft by various Kurdish movements and entities in all sectors of the land.

The "sunny flag" has thus been consecrated by the blood of all Kurdish patriots of this century, from tens of thousands who fell in defending the independence movement under the Khoyboun, to the President of the Republic of Kurdistan and his elected cabinet who were hanged in sight of this flag by the foe. The flag was aloft when Dersim was immolated in 1938; it was aloft when wounded Kurds on stretchers were placed before the firing squads in 1980; it was aloft when Kurdish civilians were gassed in their thousands in cities and towns in 1988; it was aloft when millions were driven from their villages and towns that have been set alight since1989; and, it remains aloft everywhere today--150 years after the loss of Kurdish independence--when Kurds are redoubling their perennial struggle to regain their dignity and equality with other nations by reviving their right to choose the course of their own future.

Description of the National Flag

The Kurdish flag has three horizontal bands. The upper stripe is red, the middle one white and the bottom band green. The width of the flag is two-thirds of the length. The primary Kurdish characteristic of the flag is the golden emblem at the center. The sun emblem has a religious and cultural history among the Kurds, stretching into antiquity. The sun disk of the emblem has 21 rays, equal in size and shape. The number 21 holds a primary importance in the native Yazdani religious tradition of the Kurds.

Construction Sheet

by Ivan Sache, 8 May 2003

The diameter of the sun disk is 0.5 without the rays and 1.0 with the rays (considering the 2x3 dimensions of the flag). The rays are keen-pointed at the end, with their sides made of straight lines. No space separates two adjacent rays at their base which touch on the disk, thus leaving no part of the sun disk exposed. The sun emblem is situated at the geometric center of the flag. The sun is placed in such way the vector going through its uppermost odd ray is perpendicular to the length.

Regulation Colors

The flag is in the following colors, according to Pantone matching system:

Red: PMS 032
Green: PMS 354
Yellow: PMS 116

Origin of the Regional Government

Iraq has on several occasions recognized Kurdish autonomy, but it was usually a trick which led to war. Most recently, Iraq has not recognized it but the Kurds have been de facto independent since the Gulf war allies created a safe-haven. While Kurdish leaders have been warmly received by European heads of state, nobody wants to recognize Kurdish independence de jure. The dismemberment of Iraq is considered taboo (enhanced power to Iran, complications of Turkish claims to the Mosul villayet which was never intended to belong to Iraq, etc.) Kurdistan had free elections on 19 May 1992, but the presidential vote and parliamentary vote were pretty much tied at 45% between the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). They set up a government of national unity, but the situation soon degenerated into civil war. (The National Assembly was in Arbil, the town just seized by Iraq and the KDP from the PUK.)

Stuart A. Notholt, 07 September 1996

The PUK and the KDP control separate but contiguous areas in the north in which Baghdad's writ has not run for more than 10 years now. At the moment, they have chosen a common "prime minister" and government that nominally rules what the Kurds describe as an autonomous region within Iraq. If I recall correctly, such a region is provided for in the Iraqi constitution. In fact, the KDP runs the governorates of Zakhu and about half of Irbil and the PUK runs the the Suleimaniye governorate and the other half of Irbil. My understanding of the vexillological implications is that there is a flag adopted by the government [shown above] of the autonomous region and also flags for each of the parties, but not separate flags for the portions of the region that each of the two parties dominate.
Joseph McMillan, 3 April 2003

Variant of the Flag

by T. F. Mills

I have just found press accounts in my files which refer to the Kurds tearing down Iraqi flags and hoisting the Kurdish "red-white-green tricolor". So, there is proof that the joint KDP-PUK administration in Iraqi Kurdistan indeed has a flag, but it is not clear which tricolor it is. From other sources I am fairly sure it is indeed the one with the long sun rays. This is the flag most often seen in non-Anatolian Kurdish circles, and may have been in existence since the late 1970s or early 1980s.
T. F. Mills, 27 September 1997